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  • Dual Connectivity – Practical Aspects

    LTE

    Dual Connectivity – Practical Aspects

    You may wonder why I’m writing about Dual Connectivity. After all, it comes from LTE in Rel-12, when we are currently within the Rel-16/17 timeframe. The reason for this is that the DC from LTE is treated as a baseline. The enhanced version is incorporated within 5G as one of the main features to allow the so-called Multi-RAT DC (MR-DC). If we look from a broader perspective, we have a multitude of use cases for DC, including LTE-DC, NR-DC, LTE-NR-DC, NR-LTE-DC, LWA. Therefore, this post aims at shedding light on the different aspects of DC, being the legacy feature, which can be extrapolated towards the current situation. 

    Date: 26.05.2020

    3GPP Release-17: Enhancing 5G

    3GPP Release 17 is about to be started soon. It will mostly be about enhancing and “further” enhancing 5G features in different areas. Regarding the overall timeline, the content of Rel-17 is to be defined in Q4 2019, and the aim is to froze it in Q3 2021.

    4
    Date: 14.10.2019

    LTE in Unlicensed Spectrum

    The “history” of 3GPP system “entering” the unlicensed spectrum regime seems to happened already a long time ago. Tight LTE interworking with WiFi is one way for the MNOs to offload traffic. The other one, discussed within this blogpost, is based on a specialized design of LTE system to be able to cope with ISM/license exempt bands’ special requirements e.g., fair coexistence with other users of this spectrum (e.g. Legacy WiFi).

    Date: 07.01.2019

    Category:

    3GPP Release-16: Further LTE and 5G NR Enhancements – Part 2 (Study Items)

    This post focuses on the selected Study Items that 3GPP has chosen for Rel-16 including: V2X, SON, NOMA, Unlicensed Spectrum Access and beyond 52.6GHz, and more.

    Date: 30.11.2018

    Category:

    3GPP Release-16: Further LTE and 5G NR Enhancements

    This year we have seen the rapid standardization of 3GPP Rel-15, 5G-NR, laying the foundation for the first 5G networks. This blogpost, discusses the ideas and enhancements that are currently being worked on for 3GPP Release-16. These enhancements cover not only 5G-NR, but also LTE which is being advanced in parallel.

    1
    Date: 29.10.2018

    Category:

    LTE and 5G Differences: Function Decomposition Between RAN and CN

    Let’s take a quick look at some of the differences between LTE and 5G in the area of functional splits between RAN and Core Network. We show and discuss high level splits of selected functionalities of the main “network functions/nodes” in both systems (discussing it from the 3GPP RAN3 WG perspective) from which we can make some conclusions on the differences between those two systems.

    Date: 21.05.2018

    Category:

    How does OFDM work?

    After discussing the main wireless transmission concept (How wireless works?), main channel propagation phenomena (What is pathloss? and What is shadowing?), and antenna configurations (What is MIMO?), let’s now take a look at one of the most commonly used transmission scheme nowadays, namely Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). But, before we explain why do we […]

    2
    Date: 15.03.2018

    LTE-Advanced Pro and Massive MTC – Part 2: eMTC

    eMTC (aka LTE Cat-M, while in fact, CAT-M is just a definition of UE type/category supporting eMTC) is a low power wide area (LPWA) wireless technology developed by the 3GPP to address the growing need for a solution to address the requirements for IoT applications and Machine-Type Communication (MTC) in terms of cost and power consumption reduction without any significant change to the current LTE deployment.

    3
    Date: 17.12.2017

    What are the practical aspects of LTE, LTE-Advanced Pro and 5G? – A new book.

    This book guides you through the LTE, LTE-Advanced Pro and 5G from the perspective of practical aspects of air interface, RAN, Core Network and end-to-end data transfer. The practical approach is reflected by the angle of system design, link budget process, network planning, parameter configurations and optimizations together with the required tradeoffs. We also evaluate the different features’ impact on the overall system as it evolves from LTE to LTE-Advanced and then going further to LTE-Advanced Pro and 5G.

    6
    Date: 12.10.2017

    Category:

    3GPP Release-15: Further LTE Enhancements and 5G Normative Work Kick-off

    LTE-Advanced Pro1 was defined within Rel-13, but the standardization didn’t stop there. Further LTE enhancements have been introduced in Rel-14 and recently started Rel-15. In parallel to LTE evolution, both releases initialized, the first set of study and work items towards 5G.  While Rel-14 focused solely on 5G study items, the normative work for the […]

    7
    Date: 26.04.2017

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