As we are bombarded from all over the places with the repeated phrase that “5G will not be only about higher speeds and shortened latency, but it’s the whole ecosystem change”, the question arises, do the satellite systems also fit in this picture? Based on recent research and 3GPP standardization discussion, the answer seems – […]

It is my pleasure to write about conflicting protocols in post for the Troubleshooting and FAQ section of our Grandmetric blog. In this category we will publish bugs/issues, problem descriptions, handy troubleshooting techniques as well as answers for interesting questions. As network contractors and trainers, we have come across dozens of interesting problems that have been faced by […]

Background Sometimes when implementing Firewall solutions on Internet Edge line of defense, different boxes can sit outside the segment of the ASA firewall. This is a typical solution when an enterprise has public segment of several public IP addresses. Example of such boxes can be Antispam System, DNS, Load Balancer, which communicate with other systems. For example in […]

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One may think that this subject is insignificant as everyone from networking domain knows what ARP is. In era of SDN’s, virtualization, clouds that may seem be the old well known topic, but to tell you the truth, I still meet network engineers (they are called professionals) applying for a job who can’t define ARP or explain how can one find […]

One of the key requirements for new generation networks like 5G is energy efficiency, meaning reduction of network energy consumption. Example techniques to assure high energy efficiency in mobile networks include: the use of lean carrier, dynamic beamforming, efficient energy saving schemes for Small Cells, virtualization of the network and utilization of dense deployments.   Energy […]

Latest threats like the already known WannCry ransomware show today, like never before, that organizations must concentrate more intensively on complementary approach to IT Security and that having obsolete solutions that were good a decade ago can bring tragic effects on brand image or even cause the bankruptcy of the biggest enterprises. Standard, legacy approach The […]

Originally, Self-Organizing Networks (SON) was added on top of the LTE system as a set of features to address use cases which were defined as early as within Rel-8 together with the first release of the LTE system. The use cases and accompanied SON features have been gradually enhanced and added as the standard evolves […]

As the “5G” research and standardization is progressing, I would like to elaborate a bit on some concepts that are potentially serving as building blocks for the future systems. They are divided in this post into: Air interface and Networking concepts.   Selected air interface aspects millimeter Wave (mmW) – The high-frequency ranges are currently becoming […]

Within this series of posts, I want to review the 5G concepts from the IP-networks perspective and explore the available techniques on the market which allow translating the presented concepts into real infrastructures. This post is related to a concept known as 5G network slicing. Recently, there are many documents describing 5G principles and architectures. […]