Tag: explained

Introduction Communication between devices is often discussed on link level, which means that the focus is on how two end points exchange information: what is the protocol, waveform, timing in sending messages etc. This however, does not take into account that there are other devices wanting to use the medium. Using the same medium by […]

What is wireless? Wireless is a way of transporting signals without any wires or optic fibers. Signals propagate through free space in this case. Often, the term wireless, refers to wireless communication. This is a way of transferring information between devices that are not connected with wires. Where is wireless used? Before learning how wireless […]

Introduction to pathloss A transmitter generally radiates the signal which has a specific power using an antenna. This signal travels in the environment as an electromagnetic wave and suffers from a phenomenon known as pathloss. This wave isn’t aware of the exact route to the receiver and hence once transmitted propagates in the direction where […]

Shadowing happens, when there is a large object such as a hill or a building that obscures the main signal path between the transmitter and the receiver. This is known as shadowing (shadow-fading), or slow-fading, as it makes the signal level slowly changing with the time (as e.g., the building is “always” there).

In MIMO systems, we have multiple antennas at the transmitter, multiple antennas at the receiver and a radio channel in-between. This is where inputs and outputs comes into play – i.e., we have Multiple Inputs (input signals TO the wireless channel) and Multiple Outputs (output signals FROM the wireless channel).

eSIM (also known as embedded Universal Integrated Circuit Card, eUICC) technology allows the download and activation of eSIM profiles over the air in a seamless, secure, and convenient way, using Remote SIM Provisioning (RSP) Platform [1] and has the following features…